[Python] Create FileSystem bindings

[asfimport]

Now that we have a C++ filesystem API, it should be usable from Python as well.

Reporter: Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou
Assignee: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs

Related issues:

• [C++] Refactor arrow/io/hdfs.h to use common FileSystem API (blocks)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #5258

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-5494. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
@jorisvandenbossche I don't know what your priorities look like currently, but I think this would be a useful thing to tackle, especially as we will soon have a S3 filesystem implementation in C++.

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Wes McKinney / @wesm:
I added to 0.15.0 optimistically. Having a minimal binding would be a nice thing, and probably not more than a couple of days' work

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Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche:
I would be happy to help here, although I will first need some more days to finish up the extension types work.

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Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
@kszucs You may be interested too.

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Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Yep, I might start to work on it because I'm a bit blocked by the dataset PRs.

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 5258
#5258