[C++] Add more general BoundsCheck function that also checks for arbitrary lower limits in integer arrays

[asfimport]

See ARROW-9083. The current IndexBoundsCheck is specialized to skip a comparison for unsigned integers and uses 0 as the lower bound for signed integers. This could be generalized so that we could check e.g. if int64 values will fit in the int32 range

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm
Assignee: Wes McKinney / @wesm

Related issues:

• [R] collect int64, uint32, uint64 as R integer type if not out of bounds (relates to)
• [C++] Revamp numeric casts: faster performance and reduced binary size (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-9118. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
This can be used to check for integer downcast overflows faster

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
This was resolved as part of ARROW-9197