[Documentation] Describe opening Visual Studio so it inherits a working env

[asfimport]

https://arrow.apache.org/docs/developers/cpp/windows.html#building-using-visual-studio-msvc-solution-files describes setting up the conda development environment but if VS is opened normally then it will not inherit those env vars, conda will not be activated, etc. So building will fail. The documentation should help new developers go from zero to debugging in VS

Reporter: Ben Kietzman / @bkietz
Assignee: Ian Cook / @ianmcook

Related issues:

• [C++][Doc] Improve Developing on Windows docs (is related to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11192. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Ian Cook / @ianmcook:
I believe the way to do this is to initialize Visual Studio by running the vcvarsall.bat or VsDevCmd.bat command, e.g. for VS 2019 Community:

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat" -arch=amd64

then activate the conda environment, then in the same command prompt, start the VS IDE by running the command

devenv.exe

possibly with switches.

[asfimport]

Ian Cook / @ianmcook:
Added a mention of this devenv command in GitHub Pull Request #9855

Documentation for debugging with VS is planned in ARROW-11796

[asfimport]

Ian Cook / @ianmcook:
Fixed by GitHub Pull Request #9855