[Packaging][Python] Use vcpkg as dependency source for manylinux and windows wheels

[asfimport]

So we can pin an explicit version of the environment, preventing any issues arising from dependency sources (like conda) which drag over time.

We can also enforce static linking by installing the static libraries only.

Reporter: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs
Assignee: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs

Related issues:

• [Packaging] Add mimalloc to Linux builds (is related to)
• [Python] Enable bz2 support in Windows wheels (supercedes)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #9096

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11212. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Kouhei Sutou / @kou:
Issue resolved by pull request 9096
#9096