[C++][Dataset] Scanner::TakeRows should push down the query if possible

[asfimport]

ARROW-11797 introduces Scanner::TakeRows but this doesn't push down the query; it could perhaps be made to do so. 

Reporter: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++][Dataset] Provide Scanner methods to yield/visit scanned batches (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12369. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[github-actions]

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