[C++][CI] Fix thread sanitizer failures

[asfimport]

See nightly build failure in https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/runs/2949298540

Reporter: Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou
Assignee: Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10632

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13223. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 10632
#10632