[C++] Create an asynchronous nursery to simplify capture logic #29316
Description
The asynchronous nursery manages a set of asynchronous tasks and objects. The nursery will not exit until all of those tasks have finished. This allows one to safely capture fields for asynchronous callbacks.
Reporter: Weston Pace / @westonpace
Assignee: Weston Pace / @westonpace
PRs and other links:
Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13680. Please see the migration documentation for further details.