[C++] Implement strftime on date32/64 types

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Python actually supports this too: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.date.strftime

Related:

• ARROW-13684: [C++][Compute] Strftime kernel follow-up #10998

• ARROW-13138: [C++][R] Implement extract temporal components (year, month, day, etc) from date32/64 types #11075

• https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-13138

Reporter: Percy Camilo Triveño Aucahuasi / @aucahuasi
Assignee: Rok Mihevc / @rok
Watchers: Rok Mihevc / @rok

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11219

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13916. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

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Rok Mihevc / @rok:
Along with this tests should be added to R and Python. See #11105 (comment)

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Weston Pace / @westonpace:
@rok Thanks for taking this on! Did you want to include time32/time64 as part of this PR? Or should I create a new JIRA?

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Rok Mihevc / @rok:
I'll take a look tomorrow. If the scope doesn't change much I can do it with this PR.

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Rok Mihevc / @rok:
I think time32/time64 support better fits into ARROW-14111.

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Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 11219
#11219