[CI][C++] Support LLVM 13

[asfimport]

Major platforms have started to provide LLVM 13 packages which causes multiple build errors.

Reporter: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs
Assignee: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs

Related issues:

• [C++][Gandiva] Add support for LLVM 13 (duplicates)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11448

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-14364. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Kouhei Sutou / @kou:
Issue resolved by pull request 11448
#11448