[R][Docs] Add article on how to run R with C++ debugger to dev docs

[asfimport]

Running R with the C++ debugger is useful to Arrow R devs if diagnosing a segfault.

Reporter: Nicola Crane / @thisisnic
Assignee: Nicola Crane / @thisisnic

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11658

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-14654. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Nicola Crane / @thisisnic:
Issue resolved by pull request 11658
#11658