[C++] Improve precision range error messages for Decimal128Type/Decimal256Type

[asfimport]

The error message surfaces in R like so:

decimal(0, 2)
Error: Invalid: Decimal precision out of range: 0

and

decimal(100, 2)
Error: Invalid: Decimal precision out of range: 100

 
Could we improve the error message to be a bit more informative? As it is it doesn't specify what the range should be (1 to 38 for Decimal128Type, for example).

Reporter: Dragoș Moldovan-Grünfeld / @dragosmg
Assignee: Yibo Cai / @cyb70289

Related issues:

• [R] Expand documentation for decimal() (is related to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11773

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-14842. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Yibo Cai / @cyb70289:
Issue resolved by pull request 11773
#11773