[C++] Add nightly test for static build with arrow_flight_static and arrow_bundled_dependencies

[asfimport]

Due to abseil dependencies static builds with arrow_bundled_dependencies are brittle. We could test them nightly with the example proposed in ARROW-14708.

Reporter: Rok Mihevc / @rok
Watchers: Rok Mihevc / @rok

Related issues:

• [C++] Can't link to installed arrow_flight_static due to missing symbols in libarrow_bundled_dependencies (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15859. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}