[C++] Upgrade snappy to unreleased version

[asfimport]

google/snappy#148 was finally merged, so if we upgrade to the current HEAD, we will resolve the UBSan issues we've observed and can remove some test skips (in R at least). And I see google/snappy@8dd58a5 as well, which may let us remove the ARROW_SNAPPY_OLD_BUILD_VERSION workaround too.

We could wait for an official snappy release, but they seem infrequent. Last one was over a year ago and there have been 2 sanitizer fixes we've upstreamed since then.

Reporter: Neal Richardson / @nealrichardson

Related issues:

• [R] [CI] Clean up our snappy-sanitizer skipping behavior (is related to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17283. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Neal Richardson / @nealrichardson:
cc @pitrou

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
cc @paleolimbot

[assignUser]

the patch was released in 1.1.10