[C++] Improve Dataset Write Option Defaults

[asfimport]

Currently, for writing a table to disk directly, the defaults are suitable when going to a CSV, IPC, Parquet, etc. However, writing a dataset requires multiple options to be configured, even when defaults could be obvious, e.g., the name for the fragments requires user input, when often they'll be named something like "part{i}.parquet." Ideally, the defaults should be adequate to write a Dataset, without further user configuration.

Reporter: Kae Suarez / @ksuarez1423

Related issues:

• [C++] The C++ API for writing datasets could be improved (duplicates)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17402. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

David Li / @lidavidm:
Possibly falls under ARROW-15409?

[asfimport]

Kae Suarez / @ksuarez1423:
Yes, this is part of ARROW-15409, in reality.