[C++] [Python] User-defined tabular functions

[asfimport]

Currently, only a stateless user-defined function is supported in PyArrow. This issue will add support for a user-defined tabular function, which is a user-function implemented in Python that returns a stateful stream of tabular data.

Reporter: Yaron Gvili / @rtpsw
Assignee: Yaron Gvili / @rtpsw

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #14682

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17676. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}