[R][Release] Add checksum verification to pre-compiled binaries

[assignUser]

Describe the enhancement requested

We currently don't verify checksums for the pre-compiled binaries we use. We should add that (skip if nightly repo) and update the checksums after the asf release prior to the cran submission.

Component(s)

R, Release

[assignUser]

I have marked this as a blocker as we want this in place for the CRAN release (the autobrew build also checks checksums so we want parity with that).