[Java] Build arrow-format and arrow-vector as JPMS modules

[jduo]

Describe the enhancement requested

This depends on #38998 and #39134 .

Build the first set of core arrow dependencies as JPMS modules while retaining JDK 8 support.

Note that arrow-vector is effectively unusable without also modularizing arrow-memory-core. Vector allocations call into arrow-memory-core's MemoryUtil class which relies on Unsafe.

Component(s)

Java