[C++][Parquet] Add option to link with shared boost libraries when building Arrow in the thirdparty toolchain

[asfimport]

See discussion in apache/parquet-cpp#231

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm
Assignee: Uwe Korn / @xhochy

Related issues:

• C++: Release 1.1.0 (blocks)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as PARQUET-853. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
We should respect the value of PARQUET_BOOST_USE_SHARED

[asfimport]

Uwe Korn / @xhochy:
PR: apache/parquet-cpp#318

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
Resolved by PR apache/parquet-cpp@e676372