[C++][Parquet] Encryption key management

[asfimport]

C++ version of 1373

Reporter: Gidon Gershinsky / @ggershinsky
Assignee: Tham / @thamht4190

_{Note: This issue was originally created as PARQUET-1538. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Gidon Gershinsky / @ggershinsky:
handled by #8023