[CI][C++] test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten fails on CSV tests

[raulcd]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

The following issue #41910 introduced ARROW_CSV=ON on emscripten and 4 tests related to CSV have started failing on the CI job, see (https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/9823190677/job/27120792147).

Part of the error can be seen here:

Failed
'_error_or_value15.status()' failed with Invalid: CSV conversion error to timestamp[s, tz=America/Phoenix]: invalid value '01/02/1970 +0000'
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/converter.cc:543  decoder_.Decode(data, size, quoted, &value)
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/parser.h:123  status
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/converter.cc:547  parser.VisitColumn(col_index, visit)
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/converter_test.cc:69: Failure
Failed
'_error_or_value15.status()' failed with Invalid: CSV conversion error to timestamp[s, tz=America/Phoenix]: invalid value '01/02/1970 +0000'
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/converter.cc:543  decoder_.Decode(data, size, quoted, &value)
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/parser.h:123  status
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/csv/converter.cc:547  parser.VisitColumn(col_index, visit)
[  FAILED  ] TimestampConversion.UserDefinedParsersWithZone (1 ms)
...
[  FAILED  ] 4 tests, listed below:
[  FAILED  ] NullColumnDecoderTest.Threaded
[  FAILED  ] TypedColumnDecoderTest.Threaded
[  FAILED  ] InferringColumnDecoderTest.Threaded
[  FAILED  ] TimestampConversion.UserDefinedParsersWithZone

Component(s)

C++, Continuous Integration

[raulcd]

This has started failing on the 17.0.0 release but this is not a blocker for the release.

[kou]

@joemarshall Could you take a look at this?

[kou]

Issue resolved by pull request 43724
#43724