[C++] Attach `arrow::ArrayStatistics` to `arrow::Array`

[kou]

Describe the enhancement requested

GH-41909 introduced arrow::ArrayStatitstics but it's not associated with arrow::Array.

This issue attaches arrow::ArrayStatistics to arrow::Array.

See also:

• GH-41909: [C++] PoC: Add arrow::ArrayStatistics with Parquet statistics integration #42133 includes PoC implementation of this
• Discussion at GH-41909: [C++] PoC: Add arrow::ArrayStatistics with Parquet statistics integration #42133 (comment)

Component(s)

C++

[kou]

We've attached to ArrayData not Array: #43797