GH-34059: [C++] Add a fetch node based on a batch index

[westonpace]

This PR introduces the concept of ExecBatch:index but does not yet do much with it. As a proof of concept this PR adds a fetch node which can be inserted anywhere in the plan (not just at the sink) to satisfy LIMIT x OFFSET y (Substrait calls this fetch and so I have also).

This PR also introduces two sequencing accumulation queues which will be useful, I hope, for anyone implementing nodes that rely on ordered execution.

This PR unfortunately introduces a new query option which is whether or not the sink node should pay the small performance hit required to sequence output. While considering how best to add this option I realized we will probably have more query options in the near future regarding "how much RAM to use" (e.g. spillover) and potentially more beyond that.

So I have taken all the options and put them into arrow::compute::QueryOptions (this already existed but it was not user facing and I added more things to it). I added a new DeclarationToXyz overload that accepts QueryOptions. This has, unfortunately, led to a bit of overload explosion but I think this should be the last new addition to the overload set (and we can deprecate the older overloads at some point).

This PR also includes a new gen::Gen / gen::TestGen facility for generating test tables for input. I'd like to eventually use this to simplify some of the existing exec plan tests as well. I'm willing to split this into a separate PR if that makes sense.

• Closes: [C++] Create a fetch node based on a batch index property #34059

[github-actions]

• Closes: [C++] Create a fetch node based on a batch index property #34059

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #34059 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 24e5a58 and contender = b056e07. b056e07 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️0.43% ⬆️0.98%] test-mac-arm
[Finished ⬇️0.77% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.51% ⬆️0.22%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] b056e07b ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] b056e07b test-mac-arm
[Finished] b056e07b ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] b056e07b ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] 24e5a580 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 24e5a580 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 24e5a580 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 24e5a580 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

[ursabot]

['Python', 'R'] benchmarks have high level of regressions.
ursa-i9-9960x