GH-39990: [Docs][CI] Add sphinx-lint for docs linting

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -132,3 +132,9 @@ repos:
           ?^cpp/cmake_modules/UseCython\.cmake$|
           ?^cpp/src/arrow/util/config\.h\.cmake$|
           )
+  - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint
+    rev: v0.9.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: sphinx-lint
+        files: ^docs/
+        args: ['--disable', 'all', '--enable', 'trailing-whitespace,missing-final-newline', 'docs']

ci/conda_env_sphinx.txt

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pydata-sphinx-theme=0.14
 sphinx-autobuild
 sphinx-design
 sphinx-copybutton
+sphinx-lint
 sphinxcontrib-jquery
 sphinx==6.2
 # Requirement for doctest-cython

dev/archery/archery/cli.py

@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ def build(ctx, src, build_dir, force, targets, **kwargs):
               "Check all sources files for license texts via Apache RAT."),
     LintCheck('r', "Lint R files."),
     LintCheck('docker', "Lint Dockerfiles with hadolint."),
+    LintCheck('docs', "Lint docs with sphinx-lint."),
 ]
 
 
@@ -285,9 +286,10 @@ def decorate_lint_command(cmd):
               help="Run IWYU on all C++ files if enabled")
 @click.option("-a", "--all", is_flag=True, default=False,
               help="Enable all checks.")
+@click.argument("path", required=False)
 @decorate_lint_command
 @click.pass_context
-def lint(ctx, src, fix, iwyu_all, **checks):
+def lint(ctx, src, fix, iwyu_all, path, **checks):
     if checks.pop('all'):
         # "--all" is given => enable all non-selected checks
         for k, v in checks.items():
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ def lint(ctx, src, fix, iwyu_all, **checks):
         raise click.UsageError(
             "Need to enable at least one lint check (try --help)")
     try:
-        linter(src, fix, iwyu_all=iwyu_all, **checks)
+        linter(src, fix, iwyu_all=iwyu_all, path=path, **checks)
     except LintValidationException:
         sys.exit(1)
 

dev/archery/archery/utils/lint.py

@@ -436,10 +436,55 @@ def docker_linter(src):
                                                    cwd=src.path))
 
 
-def linter(src, fix=False, *, clang_format=False, cpplint=False,
+class SphinxLint(Command):
+    def __init__(self, src, path=None, sphinx_lint_bin=None, disable=None, enable=None):
+        self.src = src
+        self.path = path
+        self.bin = default_bin(sphinx_lint_bin, "sphinx-lint")
+        self.disable = disable or "all"
+        self.enable = enable
+
+    def lint(self, *args, check=False):
+        docs_path = os.path.join(self.src.path, "docs")
+
+        args = []
+
+        if self.disable:
+            args.extend(["--disable", self.disable])
+
+        if self.enable:
+            args.extend(["--enable", self.enable])
+
+        if self.path is not None:
+            args.extend([self.path])
+        else:
+            args.extend([docs_path])
+
+        return self.run(*args, check=check)
+
+
+def docs_linter(src, path=None):
+    """Run sphinx-lint on docs."""
+    logger.info("Running docs linter (sphinx-lint)")
+
+    sphinx_lint = SphinxLint(
+        src,
+        path=path,
+        disable="all",
+        enable="trailing-whitespace,missing-final-newline"
+    )
+
+    if not sphinx_lint.available:
+        logger.error("sphinx-lint linter requested but sphinx-lint binary not found")
+        return
+
+    yield LintResult.from_cmd(sphinx_lint.lint())
+
+
+def linter(src, fix=False, path=None, *, clang_format=False, cpplint=False,
            clang_tidy=False, iwyu=False, iwyu_all=False,
            python=False, numpydoc=False, cmake_format=False, rat=False,
-           r=False, docker=False):
+           r=False, docker=False, docs=False):
     """Run all linters."""
     with tmpdir(prefix="arrow-lint-") as root:
         build_dir = os.path.join(root, "cpp-build")
@@ -481,6 +526,9 @@ def linter(src, fix=False, *, clang_format=False, cpplint=False,
         if docker:
             results.extend(docker_linter(src))
 
+        if docs:
+            results.extend(docs_linter(src, path))
+
         # Raise error if one linter failed, ensuring calling code can exit with
         # non-zero.
         for result in results:

dev/archery/setup.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     'integration': ['cffi'],
     'integration-java': ['jpype1'],
     'lint': ['numpydoc==1.1.0', 'autopep8', 'flake8==6.1.0', 'cython-lint',
-             'cmake_format==0.6.13'],
+             'cmake_format==0.6.13', 'sphinx-lint==0.9.1'],
     'numpydoc': ['numpydoc==1.1.0'],
     'release': ['pygithub', jinja_req, 'jira', 'semver', 'gitpython'],
 }

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ pydata-sphinx-theme~=0.14
 sphinx-autobuild
 sphinx-design
 sphinx-copybutton
+sphinx-lint
 sphinx==6.2
 pandas

docs/source/cpp/acero/developer_guide.rst

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Examples
   task (described below) as completed which allows the plan to finish.
 * The ``fetch`` node, in ``InputReceived``, may decide that it has all the data it needs.  It can then call
   ``StopProducing`` on its input.
-  
+
 Initialization / Construction / Destruction
 -------------------------------------------
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ distributed systems.  Once that has been done then it should be possible to do a
 meaning exchanging between multiple exec plan instances on a single system) if desired.
 
 .. figure:: dist_plan.svg
-   
+
    A distributed plan can provide parallelism even if the plans themselves run serially
 
 Pipeline Parallelism
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ Benchmarking
 
 The most complete macro benchmarking for Acero is provided by https://github.com/voltrondata-labs/arrowbench
 These include a set of TPC-H benchmarks, executed from the R-dplyr integration, which are run on every Arrow commit and
-reported to Conbench at https://conbench.ursa.dev/ 
+reported to Conbench at https://conbench.ursa.dev/
 
 In addition to these TPC-H benchmarks there are a number of micro-benchmarks for various nodes (hash-join, asof-join,
 etc.)  Finally, the compute functions themselves should mostly have micro-benchmarks.  For more on micro benchmarks you

docs/source/cpp/acero/overview.rst

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ is very similar to a RecordBatch.  It can have zero or more columns and all of t
 must have the same length.  There are a few key differences from ExecBatch:
 
 .. figure:: rb_vs_eb.svg
-   
+
    Both the record batch and the exec batch have strong ownership of the arrays & buffers
 
 * An `ExecBatch` does not have a schema.  This is because an `ExecBatch` is assumed to be
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ must have the same length.  There are a few key differences from ExecBatch:
   also has a length property which describes how many rows are in a batch.  So another way to
   view a `Scalar` is a constant array with `length` elements.
 * An `ExecBatch` contains additional information used by the exec plan.  For example, an
-  `index` can be used to describe a batch's position in an ordered stream.  We expect 
+  `index` can be used to describe a batch's position in an ordered stream.  We expect
   that `ExecBatch` will also evolve to contain additional fields such as a selection vector.
 
 .. figure:: scalar_vs_array.svg
@@ -266,5 +266,5 @@ various query representations (e.g. Substrait).  The Declaration objects are the
 with the DeclarationToXyz methods, are the current public API for Acero.
 
 .. figure:: decl_vs_ep.svg
-   
-   A declaration is a blueprint that is used to instantiate exec plan instances
+
+   A declaration is a blueprint that is used to instantiate exec plan instances

docs/source/cpp/acero/substrait.rst

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Aggregate Relations
 * Each measure's arguments must be direct references.
 * A measure may not have a filter
 * A measure may not have sorts
-* A measure's invocation must be AGGREGATION_INVOCATION_ALL or 
+* A measure's invocation must be AGGREGATION_INVOCATION_ALL or
   AGGREGATION_INVOCATION_UNSPECIFIED
 * A measure's phase must be AGGREGATION_PHASE_INITIAL_TO_RESULT
 
@@ -146,73 +146,73 @@ Types
      - Caveat
    * - boolean
      - boolean
-     - 
+     -
    * - i8
      - int8
-     - 
+     -
    * - i16
      - int16
-     - 
+     -
    * - i32
      - int32
-     - 
+     -
    * - i64
      - int64
-     - 
+     -
    * - fp32
      - float32
-     - 
+     -
    * - fp64
      - float64
-     - 
+     -
    * - string
      - string
-     - 
+     -
    * - binary
      - binary
-     - 
+     -
    * - timestamp
      - timestamp<MICRO,"">
-     - 
+     -
    * - timestamp_tz
      - timestamp<MICRO,"UTC">
-     - 
+     -
    * - date
      - date32<DAY>
-     - 
+     -
    * - time
      - time64<MICRO>
-     - 
+     -
    * - interval_year
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - interval_day
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - uuid
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - FIXEDCHAR<L>
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - VARCHAR<L>
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - FIXEDBINARY<L>
      - fixed_size_binary<L>
-     - 
+     -
    * - DECIMAL<P,S>
      - decimal128<P,S>
-     - 
+     -
    * - STRUCT<T1...TN>
      - struct<T1...TN>
      - Arrow struct fields will have no name (empty string)
    * - NSTRUCT<N:T1...N:Tn>
-     - 
+     -
      - Not currently supported
    * - LIST<T>
      - list<T>
-     - 
+     -
    * - MAP<K,V>
      - map<K,V>
      - K must not be nullable