GH-41490: WIP: [Java] Use macos-12 for building C++ libraries

[kou]

Rationale for this change

macos-latest is macos-14 and it's arm64 not x86_64. java-jars works well with macos-12 that is the previous macos-latset.

What changes are included in this PR?

Use macos-12 that is the previous macos-latest explicitly.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [Java] java-jars fails with "We have duplicated artifacts attached" arrow-java#92
• GitHub Issue: ARROW-219: Preserve CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS, fix compiler warnings #92

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit java-jars

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue apache/arrow-java#92 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

Revision: af5591c

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-58a3e395ca

Task	Status
java-jars

[kou]

This doesn't solve anything:

https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/9011422157/job/24759643022#step:6:16286

Error:  Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-source-plugin:3.3.0:jar (default-cli) on project module-info-compiler-maven-plugin: Presumably you have configured maven-source-plugn to execute twice times in your build. You have to configure a classifier for at least on of them. -> [Help 1]

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #41490 has no components, please add labels for components.