Epic: Implement remaining `information_schema` tables

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

@JanKaul reported in Discord:

Hey all, I'm trying to use Datafusion with Apache Superset. Superset tries to fetch all available schemas using "information_schema.schemata". I realized that the "schemata" table is currently not implemented.

In general many BI and other tools with use the information_schema tables to determine the contents of a database. It would be nice to make DataFusion implementations more compatible with the ecosystem at large by implementing more of these tables

Describe the solution you'd like

It would be nice to implement more of the information_schema for DataFusion to increase the compatibility

There are many, many tables defined in the information_schema (see postgres docs , many of them potentially impossible to implement in DataFusion (e.g. administrable_role_​authorizations

Tasks

• Implement information_schema.schemata #8917