Port regex_extract

[calcaura]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes regexp_extract func from Spark #14280

Rationale for this change

• Implement the Spark function “regexp_extract" in Datafusion.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Feature: implement Spark's analogue of regexp_extract

What changes are NOT included in this PR?

• Support for LargeUtf8.
• Utf8View

Are these changes tested?

• Yes, Unit tests + SQL + CI

# Unit tests
cargo test --package datafusion-functions --lib -- regex::regexpextract::tests --nocapture

# SQL tests
cargo test --test sqllogictests -- regexp_extract

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes (new regex function added added to the docs).

[Jefffrey]

cc @Omega359 @comphead did we ever land on a consensus regarding regexp_extract and regexp_substr? We had some PRs for them before and they seemed to lapse, but looks like there was still some discussion on which regex functions we include as part of datafusion

• Add regexp_extract func #14282
• datafusion-spark: regexp_extract() #17037
• feat: Add regexp_substr function #14323
• Add additional regexp functions #11946