[Proposal] Support more column type in schema change

[HappenLee]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
Now Doris support schema change column type:

TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT is converted to TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT/DOUBLE.
Convert VARCHAR to TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT/LARGEINT/FLOAT/DOUBLE.
Convert VARCHAR to DATE (currently support six formats: "%Y-%m-%d", "%y-%m-%d", "%Y%m%d", "%y%m%d", "%Y/%m/%d, "%y/%m/%d")

we should support:

TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT/LARGEINT/FLOAT/DOUBLE convert to a wider range of numeric types
Convert CHAR to TINYINT/SMALLINT/INT/BIGINT/LARGEINT/FLOAT/DOUBLE.
Convert CHAR to DATE (currently support six formats: "%Y-%m-%d", "%y-%m-%d", "%Y%m%d", "%y%m%d", "%Y/%m/%d, "%y/%m/%d")