[Fix](Nereids)fix insert into return npe from follower node for 2.0

[sohardforaname]

Proposed changes

Issue Number: close #xxx

insert into table command run at a follower node, it will forward to the master node, and the parsed statement is not set to the cascades context, but set to the executor::parsedStmt, we use the latter to get the user info.

master #22734

Further comments

If this is a relatively large or complex change, kick off the discussion at dev@doris.apache.org by explaining why you chose the solution you did and what alternatives you considered, etc...

[sohardforaname]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

(From new machine)TeamCity pipeline, clickbench performance test result:
the sum of best hot time: 46.09 seconds
stream load tsv: 518 seconds loaded 74807831229 Bytes, about 137 MB/s
stream load json: 20 seconds loaded 2358488459 Bytes, about 112 MB/s
stream load orc: 67 seconds loaded 1101869774 Bytes, about 15 MB/s
stream load parquet: 32 seconds loaded 861443392 Bytes, about 25 MB/s
insert into select: 29.5 seconds inserted 10000000 Rows, about 338K ops/s
storage size: 17164033980 Bytes