[improvement](decimal) use new way for decimal arithmetic precision promotion(#27787)

[jacktengg]

Proposed changes

Pick from #27787

Further comments

If this is a relatively large or complex change, kick off the discussion at dev@doris.apache.org by explaining why you chose the solution you did and what alternatives you considered, etc...

[github-actions]

clang-tidy review says "All clean, LGTM! 👍"

[jacktengg]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TeamCity be ut coverage result:
Function Coverage: 37.83% (7987/21115)
Line Coverage: 29.54% (64852/219536)
Region Coverage: 29.00% (33358/115019)
Branch Coverage: 24.91% (17133/68772)
Coverage Report: http://coverage.selectdb-in.cc/coverage/cbd087d3be53dc26c8188e69f082eb0d9ce7f4db_cbd087d3be53dc26c8188e69f082eb0d9ce7f4db/report/index.html

[doris-robot]

(From new machine)TeamCity pipeline, clickbench performance test result:
the sum of best hot time: 46.71 seconds
stream load tsv: 585 seconds loaded 74807831229 Bytes, about 121 MB/s
stream load json: 20 seconds loaded 2358488459 Bytes, about 112 MB/s
stream load orc: 65 seconds loaded 1101869774 Bytes, about 16 MB/s
stream load parquet: 32 seconds loaded 861443392 Bytes, about 25 MB/s
insert into select: 29.6 seconds inserted 10000000 Rows, about 337K ops/s
storage size: 17164180497 Bytes

[jacktengg]

run buildall

[github-actions]

clang-tidy review says "All clean, LGTM! 👍"

[doris-robot]

TeamCity be ut coverage result:
Function Coverage: 37.82% (7985/21115)
Line Coverage: 29.53% (64838/219536)
Region Coverage: 28.99% (33348/115019)
Branch Coverage: 24.91% (17128/68772)
Coverage Report: http://coverage.selectdb-in.cc/coverage/1ef402b834015ef3553eb3dd720b4bd6c4ea9b29_1ef402b834015ef3553eb3dd720b4bd6c4ea9b29/report/index.html

[doris-robot]

(From new machine)TeamCity pipeline, clickbench performance test result:
the sum of best hot time: 46.22 seconds
stream load tsv: 590 seconds loaded 74807831229 Bytes, about 120 MB/s
stream load json: 22 seconds loaded 2358488459 Bytes, about 102 MB/s
stream load orc: 66 seconds loaded 1101869774 Bytes, about 15 MB/s
stream load parquet: 31 seconds loaded 861443392 Bytes, about 26 MB/s
insert into select: 29.8 seconds inserted 10000000 Rows, about 335K ops/s
storage size: 17162466054 Bytes

[jacktengg]

run p0

[yiguolei]

run p0

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.

[gaotianpeng]

@jacktengg this improvement will sync to 2.1 branch?