[Feature](Prepared Statment) Implement in nereids planner

fe/fe-common/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/catalog/MysqlColType.java

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.doris.catalog;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 // MySQL column type
 // TYPE codes are defined in the file 'mysql/include/mysql_com.h' enum enum_field_types
 // which is also demostrated in
@@ -55,6 +58,14 @@ public enum MysqlColType {
     MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY(255, "GEOMETRY", "GEOMETRY"),
     MYSQL_TYPE_MAP(400, "MAP", "MAP");
 
+    private static final Map<Integer, MysqlColType> CODE_MAP = new HashMap<>();
+
+    static {
+        for (MysqlColType type : MysqlColType.values()) {
+            CODE_MAP.put(type.code, type);
+        }
+    }
+
     private MysqlColType(int code, String desc, String jdbcColumnTypeName) {
         this.code = code;
         this.desc = desc;
@@ -77,6 +88,10 @@ public int getCode() {
         return code;
     }
 
+    public static MysqlColType fromCode(int code) {
+        return CODE_MAP.get(code);
+    }
+
     public String getJdbcColumnTypeName() {
         return jdbcColumnTypeName;
     }

fe/fe-core/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/doris/nereids/DorisLexer.g4

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ PERCENT: 'PERCENT';
 PERIOD: 'PERIOD';
 PERMISSIVE: 'PERMISSIVE';
 PHYSICAL: 'PHYSICAL';
+PLACEHOLDER: '?';
 PLAN: 'PLAN';
 PROCESS: 'PROCESS';
 PLUGIN: 'PLUGIN';

fe/fe-core/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/doris/nereids/DorisParser.g4

@@ -880,6 +880,7 @@ constant
     | LEFT_BRACE (items+=constant COLON items+=constant)?
        (COMMA items+=constant COLON items+=constant)* RIGHT_BRACE                              #mapLiteral
     | LEFT_BRACE items+=constant (COMMA items+=constant)* RIGHT_BRACE                          #structLiteral
+    | PLACEHOLDER						                               #placeholder
     ;
 
 comparisonOperator

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/StatementContext.java

@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.CTEId;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.ExprId;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Placeholder;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Slot;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.SlotReference;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.StatementScopeIdGenerator;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.ObjectId;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.PlaceholderId;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.RelationId;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.TableId;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.algebra.Relation;
@@ -119,6 +121,11 @@ public class StatementContext implements Closeable {
     private final Set<String> viewDdlSqlSet = Sets.newHashSet();
     private final SqlCacheContext sqlCacheContext;
 
+    // generate for next id for prepared statement's placeholders, which is connection level
+    private final IdGenerator<PlaceholderId> placeHolderIdGenerator = PlaceholderId.createGenerator();
+    // relation id to placeholders for prepared statement
+    private final Map<PlaceholderId, Expression> idToPlaceholderRealExpr = new HashMap<>();
+
     // collect all hash join conditions to compute node connectivity in join graph
     private final List<Expression> joinFilters = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -144,6 +151,9 @@ public class StatementContext implements Closeable {
     // table locks
     private final Stack<CloseableResource> plannerResources = new Stack<>();
 
+    // placeholder params for prepared statement
+    private List<Placeholder> placeholders;
+
     // for create view support in nereids
     // key is the start and end position of the sql substring that needs to be replaced,
     // and value is the new string used for replacement.
@@ -370,6 +380,14 @@ public Map<RelationId, Set<Expression>> getConsumerIdToFilters() {
         return consumerIdToFilters;
     }
 
+    public PlaceholderId getNextPlaceholderId() {
+        return placeHolderIdGenerator.getNextId();
+    }
+
+    public Map<PlaceholderId, Expression> getIdToPlaceholderRealExpr() {
+        return idToPlaceholderRealExpr;
+    }
+
     public Map<CTEId, List<Pair<Map<Slot, Slot>, Group>>> getCteIdToConsumerGroup() {
         return cteIdToConsumerGroup;
     }
@@ -490,6 +508,14 @@ public void close() {
         releasePlannerResources();
     }
 
+    public List<Placeholder> getPlaceholders() {
+        return placeholders;
+    }
+
+    public void setPlaceholders(List<Placeholder> placeholders) {
+        this.placeholders = placeholders;
+    }
+
     private static class CloseableResource implements Closeable {
         public final String resourceName;
         public final String threadName;

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/parser/LogicalPlanBuilder.java

@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.NullSafeEqual;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Or;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.OrderExpression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Placeholder;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Properties;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Regexp;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.ScalarSubquery;
@@ -494,6 +495,16 @@
 public class LogicalPlanBuilder extends DorisParserBaseVisitor<Object> {
     private final boolean forCreateView;
 
+    // Sort the parameters with token position to keep the order with original placeholders
+    // in prepared statement.Otherwise, the order maybe broken
+    private final Map<Token, Placeholder> tokenPosToParameters = Maps.newTreeMap((pos1, pos2) -> {
+        int line = pos1.getLine() - pos2.getLine();
+        if (line != 0) {
+            return line;
+        }
+        return pos1.getCharPositionInLine() - pos2.getCharPositionInLine();
+    });
+
     public LogicalPlanBuilder() {
         forCreateView = false;
     }
@@ -1010,6 +1021,9 @@ public List<Pair<LogicalPlan, StatementContext>> visitMultiStatements(MultiState
             }
             logicalPlans.add(Pair.of(
                     ParserUtils.withOrigin(ctx, () -> (LogicalPlan) visit(statement)), statementContext));
+            List<Placeholder> params = new ArrayList<>(tokenPosToParameters.values());
+            statementContext.setPlaceholders(params);
+            tokenPosToParameters.clear();
         }
         return logicalPlans;
     }
@@ -2322,6 +2336,13 @@ public Literal visitStringLiteral(StringLiteralContext ctx) {
         return new VarcharLiteral(s, strLength);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Expression visitPlaceholder(DorisParser.PlaceholderContext ctx) {
+        Placeholder parameter = new Placeholder(ConnectContext.get().getStatementContext().getNextPlaceholderId());
+        tokenPosToParameters.put(ctx.start, parameter);
+        return parameter;
+    }
+
     /**
      * cast all items to same types.
      * TODO remove this function after we refactor type coercion.

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/rules/analysis/ExpressionAnalyzer.java

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Match;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.NamedExpression;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Not;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Placeholder;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Slot;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.SlotReference;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.TimestampArithmetic;
@@ -541,6 +542,13 @@ public Expression visitNot(Not not, ExpressionRewriteContext context) {
         return expr;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Expression visitPlaceholder(Placeholder placeholder, ExpressionRewriteContext context) {
+        Expression realExpr = context.cascadesContext.getStatementContext()
+                    .getIdToPlaceholderRealExpr().get(placeholder.getPlaceholderId());
+        return visit(realExpr, context);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Expression visitComparisonPredicate(ComparisonPredicate cp, ExpressionRewriteContext context) {
         Expression left = cp.left().accept(this, context);

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/Placeholder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.MysqlColType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.exceptions.UnboundException;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.shape.LeafExpression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.visitor.ExpressionVisitor;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.PlaceholderId;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.NullType;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Placeholder for prepared statement
+ */
+public class Placeholder extends Expression implements LeafExpression {
+    private final PlaceholderId placeholderId;
+    private final Optional<MysqlColType> mysqlColType;
+
+    public Placeholder(PlaceholderId placeholderId) {
+        this.placeholderId = placeholderId;
+        this.mysqlColType = Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+    public Placeholder(PlaceholderId placeholderId, MysqlColType mysqlColType) {
+        this.placeholderId = placeholderId;
+        this.mysqlColType = Optional.of(mysqlColType);
+    }
+
+    public PlaceholderId getPlaceholderId() {
+        return placeholderId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <R, C> R accept(ExpressionVisitor<R, C> visitor, C context) {
+        return visitor.visitPlaceholder(this, context);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean nullable() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toSql() {
+        return "?";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DataType getDataType() throws UnboundException {
+        return NullType.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    public Placeholder withNewMysqlColType(MysqlColType mysqlColType) {
+        return new Placeholder(getPlaceholderId(), mysqlColType);
+    }
+
+    public MysqlColType getMysqlColType() {
+        return mysqlColType.get();
+    }
+}