[fix](catalog) rebuild idToCatalog map after replay

[morningman]

What problem does this PR solve?

Problem Summary:
After deserialized from Gson, the ConcurrentHashMap may become normal non-threadsafe HashMap,
This may causing following issue:

2024-11-12 16:43:53,101 ERROR (stateListener|13) [Env.transferToNonMaster():1921] failed to transfer to non-master.
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException: null
        at java.util.LinkedHashMap$LinkedHashIterator.nextNode(LinkedHashMap.java:756) ~[?:?]
        at java.util.LinkedHashMap$LinkedValueIterator.next(LinkedHashMap.java:783) ~[?:?]
        at org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogMgr.registerCatalogRefreshListener(CatalogMgr.java:802) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]
        at org.apache.doris.catalog.Env.postProcessAfterMetadataReplayed(Env.java:1751) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]
        at org.apache.doris.catalog.Env.transferToNonMaster(Env.java:1899) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]
        at org.apache.doris.catalog.Env.access$1300(Env.java:347) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]
        at org.apache.doris.catalog.Env$5.runOneCycle(Env.java:2850) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]
        at org.apache.doris.common.util.Daemon.run(Daemon.java:119) ~[doris-fe.jar:1.2-SNAPSHOT]

This PR rebuild the idToCatalog and nameToCatalog map in gsonPostProcess() of CatalogMgr,
to solve the issue.

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes.

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

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[morningman]

run buildall

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[github-actions]

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