branch-3.0: [fix](external catalog) Fix missing fields when rebuilding metadata from image

[zy-kkk]

cherry-pick #47603

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[zy-kkk]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 40730 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit faf82be1779a295479fa00a901f5cd659a124ecb, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17560	7504	7198	7198
q2	2040	171	198	171
q3	10750	1069	1174	1069
q4	10557	739	737	737
q5	7767	2837	2834	2834
q6	231	146	146	146
q7	992	607	601	601
q8	9365	1929	1952	1929
q9	6614	6385	6381	6381
q10	6999	2331	2315	2315
q11	472	280	271	271
q12	404	218	210	210
q13	17778	3032	3025	3025
q14	247	210	227	210
q15	569	517	527	517
q16	674	583	585	583
q17	977	609	554	554
q18	7109	6736	6672	6672
q19	1397	1167	1005	1005
q20	478	200	194	194
q21	4038	3340	3112	3112
q22	1096	1005	996	996
Total cold run time: 108114 ms
Total hot run time: 40730 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	7206	7178	7160	7160
q2	325	236	230	230
q3	2887	2917	2967	2917
q4	1985	1849	1815	1815
q5	5735	5747	5768	5747
q6	222	142	148	142
q7	2252	1842	1834	1834
q8	3368	3541	3568	3541
q9	8883	8907	8867	8867
q10	3607	3547	3566	3547
q11	614	512	505	505
q12	810	613	597	597
q13	10309	3204	3162	3162
q14	310	284	278	278
q15	583	534	523	523
q16	708	671	659	659
q17	1858	1618	1633	1618
q18	8313	7678	7621	7621
q19	1671	1479	1507	1479
q20	2119	1847	1897	1847
q21	5638	5303	5334	5303
q22	1142	1035	1032	1032
Total cold run time: 70545 ms
Total hot run time: 60424 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 198926 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit faf82be1779a295479fa00a901f5cd659a124ecb, data reload: false

query1	1302	925	905	905
query2	6250	2146	2191	2146
query3	10799	4260	4249	4249
query4	66453	28657	23410	23410
query5	5070	452	452	452
query6	417	174	179	174
query7	5568	309	308	308
query8	293	213	216	213
query9	8809	2705	2693	2693
query10	441	282	272	272
query11	17436	15288	15668	15288
query12	165	108	101	101
query13	1514	447	428	428
query14	10462	7438	7856	7438
query15	203	183	187	183
query16	7196	519	479	479
query17	1105	589	578	578
query18	1880	327	311	311
query19	202	163	174	163
query20	122	117	108	108
query21	219	111	108	108
query22	4808	4634	4607	4607
query23	34642	34580	34146	34146
query24	6407	2917	2894	2894
query25	497	397	411	397
query26	651	171	169	169
query27	1859	344	350	344
query28	4302	2452	2421	2421
query29	706	469	458	458
query30	240	167	163	163
query31	1024	847	858	847
query32	75	61	59	59
query33	434	299	305	299
query34	917	512	530	512
query35	846	737	747	737
query36	1082	999	988	988
query37	124	76	77	76
query38	4129	4104	4092	4092
query39	1505	1464	1477	1464
query40	213	104	104	104
query41	53	50	53	50
query42	113	105	103	103
query43	549	535	519	519
query44	1163	829	833	829
query45	194	175	171	171
query46	1146	729	741	729
query47	2010	1911	1894	1894
query48	480	399	380	380
query49	747	423	413	413
query50	835	454	459	454
query51	7435	7343	7162	7162
query52	108	90	94	90
query53	265	185	187	185
query54	565	487	458	458
query55	77	79	81	79
query56	268	280	263	263
query57	1264	1087	1052	1052
query58	218	213	218	213
query59	3298	3155	3190	3155
query60	286	252	246	246
query61	151	109	106	106
query62	833	721	714	714
query63	222	192	190	190
query64	1351	663	631	631
query65	3286	3219	3199	3199
query66	619	303	298	298
query67	15998	15660	15677	15660
query68	4080	586	575	575
query69	412	270	268	268
query70	1163	1165	1143	1143
query71	335	260	254	254
query72	6345	3985	4058	3985
query73	755	354	354	354
query74	10446	9060	9251	9060
query75	3340	2623	2660	2623
query76	1941	955	1002	955
query77	498	305	281	281
query78	10605	9756	9694	9694
query79	2203	621	626	621
query80	1431	427	426	426
query81	542	244	234	234
query82	1267	114	117	114
query83	264	143	156	143
query84	280	75	72	72
query85	1050	320	300	300
query86	408	305	281	281
query87	4494	4450	4287	4287
query88	3878	2396	2349	2349
query89	425	297	291	291
query90	1848	188	183	183
query91	184	146	150	146
query92	64	51	51	51
query93	2868	552	557	552
query94	777	304	300	300
query95	357	256	254	254
query96	628	283	283	283
query97	3366	3189	3206	3189
query98	208	203	199	199
query99	1716	1452	1432	1432
Total cold run time: 322079 ms
Total hot run time: 198926 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 31.57 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit faf82be1779a295479fa00a901f5cd659a124ecb, data reload: false

query1	0.03	0.03	0.03
query2	0.06	0.04	0.03
query3	0.23	0.06	0.06
query4	1.62	0.10	0.10
query5	0.54	0.52	0.54
query6	1.16	0.73	0.73
query7	0.03	0.01	0.02
query8	0.04	0.03	0.03
query9	0.57	0.51	0.49
query10	0.56	0.53	0.55
query11	0.15	0.10	0.12
query12	0.14	0.10	0.12
query13	0.62	0.59	0.60
query14	2.77	2.75	2.72
query15	0.90	0.84	0.84
query16	0.39	0.40	0.37
query17	1.00	1.07	1.01
query18	0.24	0.22	0.21
query19	1.97	1.86	2.03
query20	0.01	0.01	0.02
query21	15.36	0.60	0.56
query22	2.67	2.39	1.41
query23	16.89	0.90	1.00
query24	3.27	1.48	0.13
query25	0.10	0.10	0.09
query26	0.45	0.14	0.14
query27	0.06	0.04	0.05
query28	11.21	1.12	1.05
query29	12.59	3.24	3.17
query30	0.24	0.06	0.06
query31	2.87	0.40	0.39
query32	3.26	0.47	0.47
query33	3.07	3.05	3.01
query34	16.84	4.46	4.46
query35	4.58	4.58	4.56
query36	0.67	0.48	0.51
query37	0.09	0.06	0.06
query38	0.05	0.04	0.03
query39	0.03	0.02	0.02
query40	0.16	0.13	0.13
query41	0.08	0.02	0.03
query42	0.03	0.02	0.02
query43	0.04	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 107.64 s
Total hot run time: 31.57 s