[fix](cloud) compaction and schema change potential data race when retrying prepare rowset (#51048)

[luwei16]

related PR #51129
pick master #51048

[Thearas]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[luwei16]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

Cloud UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 90.00% (54/60) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	83.16% (1096/1318)
Line Coverage	66.43% (18349/27621)
Region Coverage	66.18% (9092/13739)
Branch Coverage	56.05% (4930/8796)

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/10) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	41.17% (10897/26467)
Line Coverage	31.99% (93221/291417)
Region Coverage	31.07% (48086/154783)
Branch Coverage	27.54% (24638/89462)

[dataroaring]

LGTM