[Improve](Variant) Add more static type constraints to ensure the safety of predefined types in Variant.

[eldenmoon]

No description provided.

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[eldenmoon]

run buildall

[morrySnow]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 39704 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit af62fef4ca2ef75dd1dee56b9abedc7fd288c703, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17621	7076	6604	6604
q2	2077	169	160	160
q3	10627	1121	1172	1121
q4	10425	730	718	718
q5	7766	2866	2774	2774
q6	209	133	132	132
q7	1014	620	606	606
q8	9350	1961	2019	1961
q9	6696	6439	6423	6423
q10	7044	2264	2316	2264
q11	468	261	259	259
q12	394	217	213	213
q13	17777	2965	2977	2965
q14	234	210	205	205
q15	510	457	467	457
q16	478	379	371	371
q17	992	583	621	583
q18	7287	6689	6655	6655
q19	1314	1010	1046	1010
q20	494	205	196	196
q21	3957	3093	3041	3041
q22	1074	986	987	986
Total cold run time: 107808 ms
Total hot run time: 39704 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	6633	6568	6554	6554
q2	334	234	233	233
q3	2894	2905	2976	2905
q4	2022	1826	1872	1826
q5	5735	5701	5706	5701
q6	207	128	124	124
q7	2209	1837	1795	1795
q8	3387	3543	3560	3543
q9	8763	8879	8982	8879
q10	3575	3542	3502	3502
q11	593	505	505	505
q12	802	581	658	581
q13	7737	3136	3202	3136
q14	299	275	258	258
q15	512	476	468	468
q16	496	454	439	439
q17	1842	1625	1612	1612
q18	8259	7803	7655	7655
q19	1704	1623	1622	1622
q20	2112	1882	1842	1842
q21	4995	5035	5088	5035
q22	1138	1060	1021	1021
Total cold run time: 66248 ms
Total hot run time: 59236 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 197786 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit af62fef4ca2ef75dd1dee56b9abedc7fd288c703, data reload: false

query1	1314	910	954	910
query2	6408	2014	1974	1974
query3	10895	4315	4339	4315
query4	33142	23943	23920	23920
query5	4411	471	462	462
query6	295	184	179	179
query7	4002	317	331	317
query8	295	249	231	231
query9	9414	2628	2635	2628
query10	494	251	264	251
query11	18302	15183	15195	15183
query12	165	104	103	103
query13	1576	431	449	431
query14	9941	7321	6827	6827
query15	246	184	193	184
query16	8041	498	488	488
query17	1601	577	585	577
query18	2186	321	306	306
query19	235	168	162	162
query20	124	112	119	112
query21	209	111	117	111
query22	4831	4438	4404	4404
query23	35322	34234	34558	34234
query24	11541	2926	2970	2926
query25	631	439	425	425
query26	767	178	173	173
query27	2446	360	353	353
query28	6551	2196	2159	2159
query29	796	465	494	465
query30	254	161	163	161
query31	1129	845	845	845
query32	103	60	61	60
query33	767	303	304	303
query34	993	507	523	507
query35	859	759	728	728
query36	1114	975	949	949
query37	121	79	73	73
query38	4070	3953	4069	3953
query39	1540	1484	1472	1472
query40	206	108	110	108
query41	59	50	51	50
query42	116	109	100	100
query43	564	500	480	480
query44	1239	804	819	804
query45	190	166	175	166
query46	1172	737	722	722
query47	2005	1942	1927	1927
query48	452	370	335	335
query49	902	404	388	388
query50	836	428	432	428
query51	7571	7297	7422	7297
query52	107	93	101	93
query53	267	184	186	184
query54	1160	478	471	471
query55	81	79	83	79
query56	272	261	245	245
query57	1296	1193	1202	1193
query58	264	220	208	208
query59	3305	3203	3135	3135
query60	316	259	259	259
query61	151	112	109	109
query62	839	709	733	709
query63	228	199	192	192
query64	3893	685	645	645
query65	3362	3297	3305	3297
query66	712	292	297	292
query67	15993	15521	15518	15518
query68	4421	578	572	572
query69	416	256	264	256
query70	1232	1141	1098	1098
query71	326	261	255	255
query72	6362	4066	4125	4066
query73	773	350	353	350
query74	10348	8979	9201	8979
query75	3363	2683	2628	2628
query76	2748	1140	1089	1089
query77	394	272	279	272
query78	10587	9702	9537	9537
query79	1240	593	598	593
query80	1003	444	419	419
query81	539	220	224	220
query82	1275	94	90	90
query83	240	146	146	146
query84	246	86	74	74
query85	1155	350	301	301
query86	362	295	301	295
query87	4484	4205	4240	4205
query88	3545	2422	2400	2400
query89	419	291	297	291
query90	1790	186	184	184
query91	151	105	109	105
query92	58	54	52	52
query93	1158	538	549	538
query94	718	297	289	289
query95	357	253	256	253
query96	604	291	290	290
query97	3286	3144	3117	3117
query98	218	202	202	202
query99	1668	1326	1325	1325
Total cold run time: 300175 ms
Total hot run time: 197786 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 30.87 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit af62fef4ca2ef75dd1dee56b9abedc7fd288c703, data reload: false

query1	0.04	0.03	0.03
query2	0.07	0.04	0.02
query3	0.23	0.07	0.06
query4	1.62	0.10	0.10
query5	0.50	0.51	0.52
query6	1.13	0.73	0.73
query7	0.02	0.02	0.02
query8	0.04	0.04	0.03
query9	0.56	0.51	0.53
query10	0.56	0.55	0.57
query11	0.14	0.11	0.11
query12	0.15	0.11	0.11
query13	0.61	0.60	0.60
query14	0.77	0.80	0.81
query15	0.84	0.82	0.82
query16	0.38	0.38	0.38
query17	1.06	1.02	1.06
query18	0.23	0.23	0.23
query19	1.88	1.89	1.75
query20	0.01	0.01	0.02
query21	15.39	0.59	0.58
query22	2.24	2.08	1.94
query23	17.13	0.87	0.82
query24	3.23	1.64	1.53
query25	0.23	0.15	0.11
query26	0.47	0.15	0.15
query27	0.04	0.04	0.05
query28	9.28	0.53	0.51
query29	12.60	3.23	3.18
query30	0.24	0.06	0.06
query31	2.87	0.39	0.38
query32	3.23	0.46	0.45
query33	2.97	2.96	2.99
query34	17.03	4.52	4.51
query35	4.59	4.57	4.49
query36	0.67	0.47	0.47
query37	0.08	0.06	0.07
query38	0.05	0.04	0.03
query39	0.03	0.02	0.03
query40	0.17	0.12	0.13
query41	0.08	0.02	0.02
query42	0.04	0.02	0.02
query43	0.04	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 103.54 s
Total hot run time: 30.87 s