branch-3.0: [fix](catalog) fix deadlock of catalog and database(#53626)

[morningman]

bp #53626

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[morningman]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 39726 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit 723ea1f2c13388bf1a6afcb54aad1569441989e1, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17618	6692	6613	6613
q2	2083	191	178	178
q3	10502	1122	1092	1092
q4	10219	755	703	703
q5	7725	2849	2727	2727
q6	211	130	132	130
q7	963	621	610	610
q8	9359	1887	1952	1887
q9	6528	6365	6357	6357
q10	7013	2279	2291	2279
q11	465	277	274	274
q12	415	219	218	218
q13	17783	2960	2963	2960
q14	240	209	203	203
q15	510	471	483	471
q16	508	381	375	375
q17	972	598	573	573
q18	7352	6758	6662	6662
q19	1383	1088	1002	1002
q20	471	199	215	199
q21	3874	3222	3302	3222
q22	1104	991	1017	991
Total cold run time: 107298 ms
Total hot run time: 39726 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	6558	6578	6515	6515
q2	320	229	226	226
q3	2909	2856	2877	2856
q4	2066	1873	1865	1865
q5	5661	5671	5701	5671
q6	210	128	131	128
q7	2249	1802	1855	1802
q8	3359	3471	3503	3471
q9	8751	8867	8825	8825
q10	3539	3514	3541	3514
q11	600	487	493	487
q12	790	607	601	601
q13	10074	3188	3124	3124
q14	294	274	280	274
q15	523	457	462	457
q16	485	459	439	439
q17	1838	1618	1627	1618
q18	8219	7726	7749	7726
q19	1681	1629	1644	1629
q20	2067	1818	1798	1798
q21	5196	5108	5115	5108
q22	1172	1091	1041	1041
Total cold run time: 68561 ms
Total hot run time: 59175 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 195603 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit 723ea1f2c13388bf1a6afcb54aad1569441989e1, data reload: false

query1	1285	918	931	918
query2	6299	1977	1940	1940
query3	10919	4262	4395	4262
query4	32973	23446	23827	23446
query5	4381	457	434	434
query6	266	179	185	179
query7	3980	311	329	311
query8	277	224	222	222
query9	9433	2578	2582	2578
query10	491	271	261	261
query11	18147	15590	15097	15097
query12	164	106	101	101
query13	1556	434	427	427
query14	9701	7345	7230	7230
query15	254	182	199	182
query16	7977	499	491	491
query17	1584	605	588	588
query18	2160	322	321	321
query19	332	168	165	165
query20	126	116	120	116
query21	205	108	108	108
query22	4891	4472	4429	4429
query23	35243	34351	34067	34067
query24	11926	2892	2938	2892
query25	701	436	437	436
query26	1806	178	173	173
query27	2696	347	356	347
query28	7885	2170	2148	2148
query29	1054	475	462	462
query30	260	164	158	158
query31	1044	843	852	843
query32	95	57	59	57
query33	796	290	298	290
query34	987	516	523	516
query35	910	733	724	724
query36	1112	967	950	950
query37	226	70	65	65
query38	4126	3999	4005	3999
query39	1528	1683	1456	1456
query40	261	102	99	99
query41	54	55	50	50
query42	124	98	102	98
query43	541	492	493	492
query44	1297	806	815	806
query45	188	170	169	169
query46	1217	768	738	738
query47	2027	1927	1901	1901
query48	470	398	395	395
query49	1040	386	389	386
query50	891	429	436	429
query51	7446	7491	7321	7321
query52	101	96	94	94
query53	274	185	182	182
query54	1250	468	477	468
query55	84	78	79	78
query56	268	252	238	238
query57	1305	1185	1193	1185
query58	223	211	205	205
query59	3293	3126	2984	2984
query60	310	259	260	259
query61	115	114	111	111
query62	858	680	712	680
query63	235	191	186	186
query64	4979	679	623	623
query65	3369	3296	3302	3296
query66	1319	300	303	300
query67	16220	15500	15551	15500
query68	4827	587	565	565
query69	428	258	264	258
query70	1142	1054	1102	1054
query71	327	266	263	263
query72	6211	2513	3831	2513
query73	804	348	366	348
query74	10681	8960	9037	8960
query75	3412	2652	2640	2640
query76	2636	1087	1125	1087
query77	422	273	281	273
query78	10574	9563	9554	9554
query79	2198	606	601	601
query80	1114	418	412	412
query81	550	221	230	221
query82	933	92	86	86
query83	234	143	146	143
query84	245	81	80	80
query85	1369	301	290	290
query86	455	311	298	298
query87	4460	4265	4222	4222
query88	3891	2428	2409	2409
query89	435	292	287	287
query90	1960	188	184	184
query91	184	147	153	147
query92	64	51	52	51
query93	2347	557	554	554
query94	867	291	303	291
query95	387	260	262	260
query96	672	285	279	279
query97	3287	3139	3123	3123
query98	215	204	198	198
query99	1501	1290	1304	1290
Total cold run time: 308387 ms
Total hot run time: 195603 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 30.14 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit 723ea1f2c13388bf1a6afcb54aad1569441989e1, data reload: false

query1	0.03	0.03	0.03
query2	0.06	0.03	0.03
query3	0.24	0.07	0.06
query4	1.62	0.10	0.10
query5	0.54	0.52	0.49
query6	1.12	0.73	0.71
query7	0.03	0.02	0.01
query8	0.04	0.03	0.02
query9	0.56	0.50	0.49
query10	0.54	0.54	0.56
query11	0.14	0.10	0.11
query12	0.15	0.12	0.11
query13	0.61	0.60	0.60
query14	0.78	0.80	0.80
query15	0.85	0.83	0.83
query16	0.39	0.37	0.38
query17	0.98	1.03	1.06
query18	0.24	0.24	0.21
query19	1.90	1.74	1.83
query20	0.02	0.01	0.01
query21	15.39	0.59	0.61
query22	2.30	2.00	1.89
query23	16.97	1.02	0.83
query24	3.11	2.00	0.85
query25	0.20	0.18	0.12
query26	0.49	0.13	0.14
query27	0.05	0.04	0.05
query28	9.76	0.55	0.48
query29	12.60	3.20	3.22
query30	0.25	0.07	0.06
query31	2.85	0.38	0.39
query32	3.25	0.47	0.45
query33	3.02	3.00	3.02
query34	16.82	4.59	4.51
query35	4.55	4.55	4.55
query36	0.64	0.48	0.48
query37	0.08	0.06	0.07
query38	0.05	0.03	0.03
query39	0.03	0.03	0.02
query40	0.16	0.13	0.12
query41	0.08	0.02	0.02
query42	0.03	0.02	0.02
query43	0.04	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 103.56 s
Total hot run time: 30.14 s

[dataroaring]

LGTM

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.