[fix](iceberg) Support client.region and iceberg.rest.* properties invended credentials

[zy-kkk]

When using Iceberg REST catalog with vended credentials enabled:

• Polaris returns s3.region, s3.access-key-id, etc.
• Gravitino returns client.region, s3.access-key-id, etc. (following Iceberg official naming)

Current implementation only filters properties with s3., oss., etc. prefixes, causing client.region to be filtered out, which leads to No storage properties found for schema: s3 error.

[Thearas]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[zy-kkk]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 27.9 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit 7b1b3302d51e92f88d9518056fca809091f2170e, data reload: false

query1	0.06	0.05	0.06
query2	0.09	0.05	0.05
query3	0.26	0.08	0.08
query4	1.60	0.13	0.12
query5	0.29	0.27	0.25
query6	1.19	0.68	0.64
query7	0.04	0.03	0.03
query8	0.06	0.05	0.04
query9	0.63	0.55	0.53
query10	0.59	0.58	0.58
query11	0.17	0.12	0.12
query12	0.15	0.12	0.14
query13	0.62	0.61	0.60
query14	1.01	1.03	1.00
query15	0.87	0.86	0.86
query16	0.40	0.41	0.42
query17	1.05	1.08	1.04
query18	0.23	0.20	0.21
query19	1.91	1.79	1.84
query20	0.02	0.01	0.02
query21	15.44	0.18	0.12
query22	5.10	0.08	0.05
query23	15.65	0.27	0.11
query24	2.97	0.60	0.49
query25	0.09	0.07	0.06
query26	0.14	0.13	0.13
query27	0.07	0.06	0.06
query28	4.44	1.17	0.96
query29	12.55	4.03	3.32
query30	0.29	0.14	0.12
query31	2.83	0.59	0.38
query32	3.23	0.55	0.47
query33	3.07	3.07	3.14
query34	15.94	5.13	4.58
query35	4.62	4.58	4.61
query36	0.68	0.51	0.50
query37	0.10	0.07	0.07
query38	0.07	0.05	0.04
query39	0.04	0.03	0.03
query40	0.18	0.14	0.15
query41	0.09	0.04	0.03
query42	0.04	0.04	0.03
query43	0.05	0.04	0.04
Total cold run time: 98.92 s
Total hot run time: 27.9 s

[hello-stephen]

FE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100% (0/0) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

[morningman]

LGTM

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.

[hello-stephen]

FE Regression Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 100% (0/0) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report