branch-3.0: [fix](iceberg) support reading iceberg partition table without partition value stored in file

[suxiaogang223]

What problem does this PR solve?

bp: #45367

Problem Summary:
In pr#45367, we chose not to pass the Iceberg partition metadata to the beta, but this caused the Iceberg table, which doesn't store partition columns in the file, to be unreadable. Therefore, this pr reverted some code and modified the FileScanner logic.

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes.

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

[suxiaogang223]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/3) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	42.10% (11245/26712)
Line Coverage	32.64% (96302/295087)
Region Coverage	30.56% (55291/180900)
Branch Coverage	26.89% (27367/101788)

[suxiaogang223]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/3) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	42.09% (11244/26712)
Line Coverage	32.62% (96252/295087)
Region Coverage	30.55% (55272/180900)
Branch Coverage	26.88% (27359/101788)

[suxiaogang223]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/3) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	42.09% (11243/26712)
Line Coverage	32.61% (96234/295087)
Region Coverage	30.55% (55263/180900)
Branch Coverage	26.87% (27355/101788)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/3) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	75.03% (19697/26253)
Line Coverage	68.31% (201047/294308)
Region Coverage	66.47% (120420/181170)
Branch Coverage	59.78% (61087/102184)