Process retrieval of parent and child segment ids in batches

[AmatyaAvadhanula]

#16667 introduced two new metadata store queries to fetch parent ids and children ids corresponding to a given set of input segment ids using an IN clause.

This PR modifies these methods to process segmentIds in batches of size at most 100 for better performance and to hold the read transactions for shorter periods of time.

This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
  • using the concurrency checklist (Remove this item if the PR doesn't have any relation to concurrency.)
• added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
• a release note entry in the PR description.
• added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods. Linked related entities via Javadoc links.
• added or updated version, license, or notice information in licenses.yaml
• added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious for an unfamiliar reader.
• added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, ensuring the threshold for code coverage is met.
• added integration tests.
• been tested in a test Druid cluster.

[kfaraz]

Thanks for the quick fix, @AmatyaAvadhanula !

[AmatyaAvadhanula]

Thanks for the review, @kfaraz!