[CORE] Do not rely on system property `java.class.path` to discover components

[zhztheplayer]

This is the final fix for issues similar to #8462.

Some platforms use customized ways to load jar files, E.g., by customizations on class loaders, by manifest files, etc. java.class.path is not 100% reliable in these cases. We should remove the access to java.class.path then adopt a more consistent approach with Java's built-in service loading procedure.