HDFS-17870: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when DataNode was restarted without storageCapacities

[teamconfx]

Description of PR

Fix for HDFS-17870

MiniDFSCluster.restartDataNode() throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when attempting to restart a DataNode that was added to the cluster without specifying storage capacities.
This bug is because MiniDFSCluster.setDataNodeStorageCapacities() did not validate that the DataNode index is within the bounds of the storageCapacities array before accessing it.

How was this patch tested?

In hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/TestMiniDFSCluster.java add a new test method testRestartDataNodeWithoutStorageCapacities().
This test method will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException without the fix and pass with the fix.

For code changes:

• Does the title or this PR starts with the corresponding JIRA issue id (e.g. 'HADOOP-17799. Your PR title ...')?
• Object storage: have the integration tests been executed and the endpoint declared according to the connector-specific documentation?
• If adding new dependencies to the code, are these dependencies licensed in a way that is compatible for inclusion under ASF 2.0?
• If applicable, have you updated the LICENSE, LICENSE-binary, NOTICE-binary files?

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• My use of AI contributions follows the ASF legal policy
  https://www.apache.org/legal/generative-tooling.html

[hadoop-yetus]

💔 -1 overall

Vote	Subsystem	Runtime	Logfile	Comment
+0 🆗	reexec	1m 52s		Docker mode activated.
			_ Prechecks _
+1 💚	dupname	0m 0s		No case conflicting files found.
+0 🆗	codespell	0m 1s		codespell was not available.
+0 🆗	detsecrets	0m 1s		detect-secrets was not available.
+1 💚	@author	0m 0s		The patch does not contain any @author tags.
+1 💚	test4tests	0m 0s		The patch appears to include 2 new or modified test files.
			_ trunk Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	48m 42s		trunk passed
+1 💚	compile	1m 55s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.7+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	compile	1m 47s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	checkstyle	1m 19s		trunk passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	1m 58s		trunk passed
+1 💚	javadoc	1m 30s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.7+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javadoc	1m 31s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	spotbugs	4m 26s		trunk passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	36m 50s		branch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Patch Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	1m 23s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	1m 16s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.7+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javac	1m 16s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	1m 22s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javac	1m 22s		the patch passed
+1 💚	blanks	0m 0s		The patch has no blanks issues.
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 50s		the patch passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	1m 30s		the patch passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 58s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.7+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javadoc	1m 3s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	spotbugs	4m 8s		the patch passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	35m 48s		patch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Other Tests _
-1 ❌	unit	260m 59s	/patch-unit-hadoop-hdfs-project_hadoop-hdfs.txt	hadoop-hdfs in the patch passed.
+1 💚	asflicense	0m 52s		The patch does not generate ASF License warnings.
		410m 24s

Reason	Tests
Failed junit tests	hadoop.hdfs.tools.TestDFSAdmin

Subsystem	Report/Notes
Docker	ClientAPI=1.52 ServerAPI=1.52 base: https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8201/1/artifact/out/Dockerfile
GITHUB PR	#8201
Optional Tests	dupname asflicense compile javac javadoc mvninstall mvnsite unit shadedclient spotbugs checkstyle codespell detsecrets
uname	Linux 6b96f5a3bca9 5.15.0-164-generic #174-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 14 20:25:16 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Build tool	maven
Personality	dev-support/bin/hadoop.sh
git revision	trunk / 7c03c6d
Default Java	Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
Multi-JDK versions	/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-21.0.7+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04 /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
Test Results	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8201/1/testReport/
Max. process+thread count	2414 (vs. ulimit of 5500)
modules	C: hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs U: hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs
Console output	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8201/1/console
versions	git=2.25.1 maven=3.9.11 spotbugs=4.9.7
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