MINOR: V2.8 system tests for Raft-based metadata quorums

[rondagostino]

Adds a new sanity_checks/bounce_test.py system test for a simple produce/bounce/produce series of events. Augments this and other sanity_checks tests so they run all metadata quorum types: ZooKeeper, remote Raft, and co-located Raft.

Augments several tests/client and tests/core system tests to run for remote Raft-based metadata quorums in addition to ZooKeeper. Co-located Raft controllers are not tested here as this configuration is presumed to work assuming sanity_checks as well as any unit/integration tests pass.

Augments a simple set of tests in tests/connect, tests/streams, and tests/tools to run for remote Raft-based metadata quorums in addition to ZooKeeper.

Adds missing @cluster annotations for dozens of system tests that were missing them -- this was causing these tests to grab the entire cluster of nodes and negatively impact the parallelism of the system test run. This PR adds 40% more system tests, but thanks to the addition of the missing @#cluster annotations we are able to complete the new 140% test workload in 8% less time than before.

This is equivalent to #10105 targeted at trunk except for get_offset_shell_test.py which has diverged on trunk compared to 2.8 -- the PRs differ in this single file.

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• Verify design and implementation
• Verify test coverage and CI build status
• Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)

[cmccabe]

thanks, @rondagostino! I backported this as part of the #10105 PR as we usually do (we don't usually have a separate PR for the branch). Thanks for showing me how to resolve the conflicts in get_offset_shell_test.py.