[WIP] KAFKA-8729, pt 4: Add client-side logic to augment error handling and partially fail records specified in error_records

[tuvtran]

Added Sender#partialFailBatch and ProducerBatch#partiallyDone to only fail and invoke callbacks of records in error_records.

Modified FutureRecordMetadata to re-bind a record's ProduceRequestResult to that of a new batch.

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• Verify design and implementation
• Verify test coverage and CI build status
• Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)

[tuvtran]

Depending on #7150 to be merged

[tuvtran]

retest this please

[tuvtran]

retest this please

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