[ci] Dis-allow any non-S3 URLs in CI

[driazati]

This PR makes it so any URLs accessed in tests in CI must be hosted in
S3. This improves reliability as we've seen even files on GitHub
sometimes serve 503s even when everything else is working fine. This
raises an error if any unallowed URL is detected and adds the remaining
few.

[tvm-bot]

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• cc @Mousius, @areusch, @gigiblender, @leandron _{See #10317 for details}
• Built docs for commit 223ad12 can be found here.
• This PR had no significant effect on CI runtime: -1.86% (166.4m -> 163.3m)

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