[Arith][UnitTest] Parametrize tests of RewriteSimplifier

[Lunderberg]

Split out each of the simplification test cases for RewriteSimplifier into independent parametrized unit tests.

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• cc @junrushao _{See #10317 for details}

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[Lunderberg]

This arose from some experiments regarding RewriteSimplifier that didn't end up materializing. During development, it had become difficult to see the effect of changes, because a failure in simplifying one expression preventing any further expressions from being tested in that unit test.