Re-add an `ArchetypeComponentId` parallel schedule executor

[alice-i-cecile]

I think this is a better default, and it unlocks a lot of functionality. As we clean up the executor code, we should re-add a archetype-parallel executor for people to compare against.

Originally posted by @alice-i-cecile in #16885 (comment)

Most real Bevy apps appear overparallelized at present, and will benefit from the lower overhead, but not all apps will always be like that. We should just be able to create an alternate executor that users can toggle.

[alice-i-cecile]

Blocked on #18453: maintaining multiple executors is currently too painful due to the extreme levels of copy-pasted logic.