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Diablo (DIstributed Analytical BLOckchain benchmark) and STABL (Sensitivity Testing and Analysis for BLockchain) are benchmark suites to evaluate blockchain systems on the same ground. There were developed in a partnership between University of Sydney CSRG and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) DCL to evaluate the performance and fault tolerance of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies in realistic scenarios. If you use Diablo or STABL, please cite our scientific article:

Diablo: A Benchmark Suite for Blockchains. V. Gramoli, R. Guerraoui, A. Lebedev, C. Natoli and G. Voron. Proceedings of the 18th ACM European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), 2023.

STABL: The Sensitivity of Blockchains to Failures. V. Gramoli, R. Guerraoui, A. Lebedev, G. Voron. Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IFIP International Middleware Conference (Middleware), 2025. Source code of STABL: https://github.com/lebdron/diablo-benchmark/releases/tag/middleware25

Blockchains

Diablo and STABL were used to evaluate the following blockchains:

• Algorand
• Aptos - fault tolerance results as part STABL
• Avalanche
• Cardano
• Diem
• Ethereum
• Hyperledger Fabric (Compatible only with Diablo v1)
• Proof-of-Collaboration
• Quorum
• Redbelly
• Solana
• Zcash

DApps

Diablo features several decentralized applications (DApps), including:

• Dota 2: one of the most popular multiplayer game of Steam,
• FIFA: a web service experiencing the FIFA requests during the soccer worldcup,
• NASDAQ: an exchange with the NASDAQ workload of the GAFAM stock trades,
• Twitter: a microblogging DApp with the trace of tweets at the release of The Castle in the Sky anime,
• Uber: a mobility service DApp with a Uber workload,
• YouTube: a video sharing service with a YouTube workload.

Using Diablo

• Simple demo: In order to play with Diablo, download our virtualBox image and run some tests by following these tests.
• Reproducibility: To reproduce our results, you will need to setup a network configuration and follow a fresh installation.
• Artifact: our artifact comprises the documentation to run scripts and software to reproduce the results of our paper.

Going further

• Add your blockchain: Feel free to add your own blockchain to Diablo by following the blockchain instructions.
• Add your DApp: Feel free to add your own DApp/workload to Diablo by following the DApp instructions.

Extensions

Diablo and STABL have been successfully extended to measure:

• the fault tolerance of blockchains,
• the impact of their network topology and
• the energy consumption of blockchains.

Please let us know if you extended Diablo or STABL, added a new DApp or evaluated a new blockchain.