Add support for Alpine 3.19

[lbussell]

Alpine 3.19 was released on 2023-12-07.

I believe we need the RID ASAP due to PowerShell/PowerShell#20945 which is blocking PowerShell support in dotnet/dotnet-docker#5065.

Similar issue for Alpine 3.18: #8470

[mairaw]

@leecow @rbhanda can you check?

[agocke]

We no longer provide support for OS-specific RIDs, only portable RIDs. The portable RID should provide equivalent functionality.

That said, I'm not sure the RID is the fundamental problem here. Powershell ran into a problem with a .NET 8 breaking change which they needed to adapt to in their code: PowerShell/PowerShell#20685. This may be the same problem.