Runtime does not handle exceptions thrown from filters

[MichalStrehovsky]

Affected test:

JIT\Regression\CLR-x86-JIT\V1-M12-Beta2\b68872\b68872
JIT\Regression\JitBlue\GitHub_4044\GitHub_4044\GitHub_4044

The test seems to have two nested try blocks with the inner one being filtered.

[jkotas]

The same crash repros with ProjectN as well. The problem is that the runtime does not handle exceptions thrown from filters.

Minimal repro:

using System;

class C
{
    static void Main()
    {
        try
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
        catch when (Throw())
        {
        }
    }

    static bool Throw()
    {
        throw new Exception();
    }
}