Add support for provider convention types

[AndriySvyryd]

• Also add a hook to add provider-specific convention types. Something like ProviderConventionDispatcher that also determines which annotations should be ignored
  • Add support for the provider conventions to the API on ModelConfigurationBuilder
  • Add a convention type for merging annotations from derived to base objects when the base type changes
• Add conventions that react to property facet overrides. Most relational conventions should have a nullable StoreObjectIdentifier parameter Allow specifying different column names per table in TPT, TPC or entity splitting #19811
• Change RelationalDbFunctionAttributeConvention, TableNameFromDbSetConvention, RelationalValueGenerationConvention, SqlServerIndexConvention and other annotation conventions to use new convention types.
• Don't return core annotations from GetAnnotations

Related to #214, #14103, #15675