Check arity consistency when constructing `SqlFunctionExpression`s

[cincuranet]

It is currently possible to construct SqlFunctionExpressions in which the size of arguments does not match the size of argumentsPropagateNullability.

While this is definitely a problem of mis-using the API, it is both easy to trip in it (in fact there is an occurrence of such problem in the repo 😅 ) and easy for EFCore to provide better feedback when this happens.

[cincuranet]

Created on behalf of @ranma42 for #33815 and documentation.